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Most certifications are accepted for life however, in California they must be renewed every three years.
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In addition, special instruction is necessary if the prospective user is unable to distinguish colors used in the color code system that identifies proper power levels.
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Most manufacturers of powder-actuated nail guns offer training and certification, some with free online testing. This helps ensure that the gun does not discharge in an unsafe manner, causing the nail to become an unrestrained projectile.ĭue to their potential for causing personal injury, OSHA regulations in the US require certification specific to the tool being used before any person is permitted to rent or use powder-actuated equipment. If the muzzle is not pressed against a surface with sufficient force, the firing pin is blocked and cannot reach the load to fire it.
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Safety and regulation Īs with their air-actuated cousins, powder-actuated guns have a muzzle safety interlock. The table above is for a 350-grain (23 g) slug from a test device. Not all powder-actuated tools are rated for high-capacity charges-the strongest charge (nickel-purple at 1,295 ft/s (395 m/s)), for example, is dangerous in a tool not rated for the high pressures it generates. The three single-shot strengths or colors typically sold to the general public are brown, green, and yellow in brass-colored casings. Yellow sabot near the tip of the round In brass-colored casings: Powder-actuated tools were investigated and used prior to this development they were used in anti-submarine warfare during the First World War and were the subject of a 1921 United States patent (US Patent No. These tools were developed by Mine Safety Appliances, for the United States Navy. In the case of hull breaches, these tools fastened steel plates over damaged areas.
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Powder-actuated technology was developed for commercial use during the Second World War, when high-velocity fastening systems were used to temporarily repair damage to ships. There are many specialized fasteners designed for specific applications in the construction and manufacturing industries. Powder-actuated fasteners are made of special heat-treated steel common nails are unsafe for this application. High-velocity tools may not be made or sold in the United States however, some made decades ago are still in use in the shipbuilding and steel industries. The piston is analogous to the bolt of a captive bolt pistol.Ī tool is considered low velocity if the average test velocity of the fastener is not in excess of 100 m/s (330 ft/s) with no single test having a velocity of over 108 m/s (350 ft/s). The propellant acts on the piston, which then drives the fastener into the substrate. Low-velocity tools introduce a piston into the chamber. In high-velocity tools, the propellant charge acts directly on the fastener in a process similar to a firearm. Powder-actuated tools come in high-velocity and low-velocity types. The hot gases released by the burning of the propellant rapidly build pressure within the cartridge, which pushes either directly on the head of the fastener, or on a piston, accelerating the fastener out of the muzzle. The primer ignites the main charge of powder, which burns rapidly. Powder-actuated tools are powered by small explosive cartridges, which are triggered when a firing pin strikes a primer, a sensitive explosive charge in the base of the cartridge. They can more easily be used in narrow or awkward locations, such as installing steel suspension clips into an overhead concrete ceiling. Powder-actuated tools are often used because of their speed of operation, compared to other processes such as drilling and then installing a threaded fastener.
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